The Fort Smith National Historic Site is a treasure trove of American history. This is a place where you can learn about life and justice on the edge of the frontier and Indian territory.
A bit of everything is found at this site: You can learn about the forced removal of Indian tribes on the Trail of Tears, outlaws and the lawmen who pursued them, and the “hanging judge” who meted out harsh justice..
Stepping onto the grounds of the Fort Smith Historical Site, you will find yourself transported to a time when the west was wild, and law and order were hard-won battles.
Plan Your Visit to the Fort Smith Historic Site
The address is: 301 Parker Ave. Fort Smith, AR 72901
Admission is free
Be sure and check the website for opening hours and times.
A Walk Through Time
The history of this historical site begins with the establishment of the first Fort Smith on December 25, 1817, and lasts until the final days of Judge Isaac C. Parker’s jurisdiction over Indian Territory in 1896.
We began at the Visitor Center which is located in the restored historic red brick structure. You will enter through the south end of the building.
This handsome structure began as the enlisted men’s barracks and dining hall in the 1840’s. In 1872, it was converted to a courthouse and jail.
The last major change occurred between 1996-2000 when the buildings were renovated and exhibits added, making the building more accessible to visitors.
Today, the visitor center helps to tell the history of this entire site.
Inside, you can watch an orientation film. The film is only about 15 minutes long and I do recommend taking the time to watch it. It provided a great overview.
Learn more about the History of Fort Smith and Beyond
To learn more about the “untold” history of Fort Smith you might want to visit Miss Laura’s Brothel Museum.
And to learn more about the history of the US Marshals and their role in law enforcement we highly recommend a visit to the US Marshals Museum.
The Courthouse of Judge Parker and the Hell on the Border Jail
One of the most compelling stops in this museum is the restored courthouse where Judge Isaac C. Parker, known as the “Hanging Judge,” presided from 1875 to 1896.
You can also walk inside the “Hell on the Border” jail below the courthouse and view a partial reconstruction of the 1888 jail. Both are a stark reminder of the harshness of frontier justice.
There are exhibits and videos on military history, the Trail of Tears, the operation of the federal court and information about U.S. Deputy Marshals (including Bass Reeves), outlaws, and more!
Learn about more of the top things to do in Fort Smith!
Exploring the Historic Grounds
After your tour of the visitor center you will want to walk the parade grounds. As you cross the grounds you will be walking where soldiers drilled and marshals brought in their outlaws.
One of the first things you will notice just outside of the visitor center entrance is a structure that is surrounded by a white fence.
This is a reproduction of the gallows used during the time of Judge Parker.
A guide was telling stories of some of the outlaws who met their end at this gallows while we were there. Interesting and a bit gory.
As you walk around you will see old Commissary Building and various other exhibits.
Notice that the flag on the pole in the center of the grounds has 37 stars.
We also enjoyed seeing the officers garden, a cannon, and a supply wagon on the grounds.
Remains of the Original Fort at Belle Pointe
The site of the first Fort Smith is only a short walk away from the main parking area. There is not much remaining of the original fort other than the foundation.
The French fur trappers traveling along the rivers in the 18th century named this spot Belle Point. Belle is obviously French for beautiful, and I agree. It is a beautiful spot.
Visitors can enjoy the scenic view of the river and see the foundation remains of the original Fort Smith.
The River Loop Trail and the Trail of Tears
The River Loop Trail is paved and 3/4 mile around. It begins at the main parking lot and follows the Arkansas River,. There are various wayside exhibits along the way.
The River Loop Trail is part of the Trail of Tears and is a site on the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail,
This spot at the Fort Smith National Historical Site marks the place where thousands of Cherokees entered Indian Territory in the 1830s. Members of the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole Nations made this same journey.
The Statue of Bass Reeves
While you are exploring the Fort Smith Historic National Site I highly recommend making the short walk to Ross Pendergraft Park to see the larger than life statue of famed US Marshall Bass Reeves.
Reflections on History
Visiting Fort Smith National Historic Site was a powerful reminder of the challenges of frontier life and the evolution of American law and order.
The blend of preserved buildings, engaging exhibits, and serene riverside views made it a memorable and educational experience.
For anyone interested in the history of the American frontier, this site is a must-visit.
