Fort Smith, Arkansas has a rich history filled with larger-than-life characters, but few are as iconic as Bass Reeves.
Bass Reeves was the first Black U.S. Deputy Marshal.
His story is one of bravery, resilience, and justice. His life and career are now recognized as a remarkable chapter in the history of the American frontier, inspiring modern portrayals in film and literature.
We also have a list of the top things to do in Fort Smith!
The Story of Bass Reeves, A Legendary Lawman
Early Life and Path to Freedom
Bass Reeves was born into slavery in 1838 in Crawford County, Arkansas. His owner was a farmer and politician named William Reeves.
At one point Bass asked to be allowed to learn to read but his owner refused. He was, however, allowed to learn to shoot a gun because he had quick hands and a good eye.
Bass was also known for his height, his polite way of speaking, and his sense of humor. It is probably these characteristics that caused George Reeves, the son of William, to choose Bass to become his bodyguard and valet.
When Texas sided with the Confederacy, George Reeves joined the Confederate Army and Bass was brought along with him.
It was during the Civil War that Bass and George Reeves parted ways.
Most people believe that there was a dispute between the two men over a card game which ended with a physical altercation in which Bass severely beat George and then ran.
Others say that a good opportunity to escape during the melee of the war presented itself and Bass took it.
He ran to Indian Territory in Oklahoma and took refuge with members of the Seminole, Cherokee, and Creek nations.
During his time among these tribes Bass became fluent in several Native languages, learned amazing tracking skills, gained a profound understanding of the frontier, and honed his prowess with a pistol.
All of this would serve him well during his later career in law enforcement.
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Bass Reeves Becomes a Deputy U.S. Marshal in Fort Smith
After the Emancipation Proclamation Bass Reeves left Oklahoma and his life with the Indian tribes.
He bought land Van Buren, Arkansas, married Nellie Jennie, had a successful farm and ranch, and fathered 10 children.
He would also be hired to work as a scout and guide for U.S. Deputy Marshals who needed to go into Indian Territory in Oklahoma.
In 1875, Judge Isaac Parker, known as the “Hanging Judge,” took over the federal court in Fort Smith. He had been tasked by President Ulysses S Grant to “clean up Indian Territory.”
This was a vast lawless area and Parker needed deputies who were brave, knowledgeable, and relentless. Reeves was the perfect candidate.
Reeves was one of the 200 deputies hired by Judge Parker in 1875, and he was the only one on record that stayed until Oklahoma achieved statehood in 1907.
A Reputation for Courage and Fairness
Reeves became legendary for his ability to track fugitives, often traveling alone for months at a time. He was known to use disguises and infiltrate gangs.
He had the ability to catch outlaws that other deputies couldn’t and was one of the most feared federal officer in the territory.
Reeves made over 3,000 arrests during his career, including capturing some of the most dangerous criminals in the region. His reputation was so great that some outlaws chose to surrender rather than face him.
One of the most dramatic stories from his career involved arresting his own son for murder. Despite the personal cost, Reeves upheld the law without favoritism, a testament to his unwavering integrity.
Historic Sites Featuring Reeves in Fort Smith
For those visiting Fort Smith, exploring the history of Bass Reeves is a must.
The Fort Smith Museum of History, the National Historic Site, and the US Marshall Museum all offer insights into his life and times.
- Bass Reeves Legacy Monument at Ross Pendergraft Park: There is a striking 25-foot bronze statue of Reeves on horseback here, rifle in hand. The beautiful statue is a tribute to his remarkable career and enduring legacy.
- Fort Smith National Historic Site: A short walk from the statue is the Fort Smith National Historic Site. Here, you can explore the courthouse where Reeves brought in outlaws and see the infamous gallows, a stark reminder of the harsh justice of the frontier.
- Fort Smith Museum of History: This museum features exhibits that highlight the diverse history of Fort Smith, including the story of Bass Reeves and other lawmen who patrolled the wild Indian Territory.
- US Marshall’s Museum: A modern structure that examines the role of US Marshalls, including Bass Reeves, through the years.
Bass Reeves is remembered in Fort Smith as a symbol of justice and bravery and his story is etched in the city’s history.
I hope that you’ve enjoyed learning more about this famous Arkansan. Thanks for stopping by!
